| 毛果芸香碱(匹鲁卡品)
选择性:激动M受体,对眼,腺体作用强,
对心血管无明显作用
特点:(1)作用迅速,温和,短暂
(2)水溶液稳定,刺激性小
作用表现:
1.眼
(1)缩瞳:激动虹膜括约肌M受体
(2)降低眼内压:缩瞳,虹膜向中心拉紧,虹膜根部变薄,前房角扩大,房水易于通过巩膜静窦返回循环
(3)调节痉挛:
激动睫状肌M受体,睫状肌收缩,晶状体悬韧带松驰,晶状体变凸,屈光度增加,视远物模糊,视近物清楚
2.促进汗腺,唾液腺分泌
应用:
1.青光眼:闭角型和开角型青光眼
2.虹膜炎:与扩瞳药交替应用防止虹膜与晶状体粘连
3.抢救阿托品等抗胆碱药中毒
不良反应:
1.滴眼浓度过高可引起眼痛
2.药物吸收可引起腹泻,多汗,流涎等M受体激动表现,可用阿托品对抗
M(Muscarine)胆碱受体阻断药
阿托品(Atropine)
[作用]
竞争性拮抗Ach对M受体的激动作用
1.解除平滑肌痉挛：松驰多种内脏平滑肌
特点：（1）对过度活动或痉挛的平滑肌松驰作用较显著.
Pharmacological Effects: Atropine causes reversible blockade of the actions of cholinomimetics at M-receptors
1. Relaxation of visceral smooth muscle
a. Stomach and intestine: When the motility of stomach and intestine is over active or in spasmic condition,
atropine decreases markedly peristatic contraction.
b. Relax stomach and intestine > bladder >gallbladder and bile ducts, ureter, bronchial muscle > Uterus(very weak effect)